Phonology is
the study of the patterns of sounds in a language and across languages. Put
more formally, phonology is the study of the categorical organisation of speech
sounds in languages; how speech sounds are organised in the mind and used to
convey meaning. In this section of the website, we will describe the most
common phonological processes and introduce the concepts of underlying
representations for sounds versus what is actually produced, the surface form.
Phonology can
be related to many linguistic disciplines, including psycholinguistics,
cognitive science, sociolinguistics and language acquisition. Principles of
phonology can also be applied to treatments of speech pathologies and
innovations in technology. In terms of speech recognition, systems can be
designed to translate spoken data into text. In this way, computers process the
language like our brains do. The same processes that occur in the mind of a
human when producing and receiving language occur in machines. One example of
machines decoding language is the popular intelligence system, Siri.
Phonology is
concerned with the abstract, whereas phonetics is concerned with the physical
properties of sounds. In phonetics we can see infinite realisations, for
example every time you say a ‘p’ it will slightly different than the other
times you’ve said it. However, in phonology all productions are the same sound
within the language’s phoneme inventory, therefore even though every ‘p’ is
produced slightly different every time, the actual sound is the same. This
highlights a key difference between phonetic and phonology as even though no
two ‘p’s are the same, they represent the same sound in the language.
lso refer to
the Phonetics page to get a better idea of the
differences and similarities between these two related areas of linguistics.
Phonemes
V. Allophones
Phonemes are
the meaningfully different sound units in a language (the smallest units of
sound). For example, ‘pat’ and ‘bat’ differ in their first phoneme: the “p” and
“b”. Vowels are also phonemes, so “pat” and “pet” differ by a phoneme, too (But
phonemes don’t always match up with spelling!). When two words differ by a
single phoneme they are known as a minimal pair.
Allophones are different ways to pronounce a phoneme based on its environment in a word. For example, the two allophones of /l/ in “little” are actually produced slightly differently, and the second one sounds slightly deeper. These different “l”s always occur in different environments in words, which is known as “complementary distribution”.
Allophones are different ways to pronounce a phoneme based on its environment in a word. For example, the two allophones of /l/ in “little” are actually produced slightly differently, and the second one sounds slightly deeper. These different “l”s always occur in different environments in words, which is known as “complementary distribution”.
BACA JUGA : FONOLOGI DAN GRAFOLOGI
Phonology looks
at many different things…
- Why do related forms differ? Sane—Sanity. Electric—Electricity/ Atom—Atomic
- Phonology finds the systematic ways in which the forms differ and explains them
- What is stored in the mind?
- Phonology studies abstract mental entities, such as structures and processes. This contrasts with phonetics, which deals with the actual production and acoustics of the sounds of language.
- What sounds go together?
- Looks at what sounds/sound combinations are accepted and why.
- How are sounds organized into syllables?
- With the use of phonological trees syllables are broken up more easily. Syllables are made up of a rhyme and an onset (any consonants before the rhyme). The rhyme made up of a nucleus (the vowel sound(s) in the syllable, the key component of all syllables) and a coda (any consonants following the nucleus).
- What are the differences between languages?
- For example, different languages can u
Source : http://all-about-linguistics.group.shef.ac.uk/branches-of-linguistics/phonology/
author : masririd
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